XDear reader, this article is free to read and will remain so, but its production isn't free. If you'd like to support our work of publishing high-quality content, please donate a coffee to Ondetexts and help us continue operating without ads or paywalls. Thank you!
Donate a coffee ☕❤️

George R. R. Martin

George R. R. Martin[1†]

George R. R. Martin is an acclaimed American author, television writer, and producer, best known as the creator of the epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire[1†][2†][3†]. His novels, which blend elements of fantasy, horror, and political intrigue, have been adapted into the hugely popular HBO television series Game of Thrones and its prequel House of the Dragon[4†][5†][6†]. Martin's literary achievements, coupled with his influential role in shaping modern fantasy storytelling, have cemented his status as one of the most significant figures in contemporary speculative fiction[7†].

Early Years and Education

George Raymond Richard Martin was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey, to Raymond Collins Martin and Margaret Brady Martin[8†][9†][10†]. He was the eldest of three children, with two younger sisters[8†]. Martin's family had a working-class background, with his father employed as a longshoreman and his mother as a housewife[11†][10†].

Growing up in Bayonne, Martin was an avid reader from a young age, devouring science fiction and fantasy novels[12†][13†]. He began writing his own stories as a child, often drawing inspiration from the pulp magazines and comic books he consumed[10†][14†][15†].

Martin's early education took place at the local Catholic schools, where he excelled academically, particularly in English and history[9†]. During his teenage years, Martin's passion for writing only grew stronger[15†][9†]. He became an active member of local science fiction fan clubs, attending conventions and participating in writing workshops[16†].

This exposure to the vibrant science fiction and fantasy community further fueled his creative aspirations and honed his storytelling skills[17†][13†]. After graduating from Marist High School in 1966, Martin attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where he earned a bachelor's degree in journalism in 1971[9†][18†].

While at Northwestern, he continued to write and publish short stories in science fiction magazines, establishing himself as a promising young author in the genre[13†][19†][20†]. Following his undergraduate studies, Martin pursued a master's degree in journalism at the same institution, completing his graduate work in 1972[9†][20†][14†].

His academic achievements and growing reputation as a writer paved the way for his future success in the literary and entertainment industries.

Career Development and Achievements

George R.R. Martin's career as a prolific author and television writer has spanned several decades, marked by significant milestones and contributions to the fantasy and science fiction genres[17†][1†]. After publishing his first novel, "Dying of the Light", in 1977, Martin continued to hone his craft, producing a diverse body of work that includes short stories, novellas, and several acclaimed novel series[9†][21†][22†].

In the early stages of his career, Martin found success writing for television, contributing scripts to popular shows such as "The Twilight Zone" and "Beauty and the Beast."[23†][19†]This experience in the television industry would later prove invaluable when he embarked on his most renowned project, the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series, which was adapted into the critically acclaimed HBO series "Game of Thrones."[3†][1†][24†] The publication of the first book in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series, "A Game of Thrones", in 1996, marked a turning point in Martin's career[25†][26†][24†].

The epic fantasy saga, set in the fictional world of Westeros, captivated readers with its complex characters, intricate plot, and gritty, realistic depiction of power struggles and political intrigue.

The subsequent volumes, "A Clash of Kings" (1999), "A Storm of Swords" (2000), "A Feast for Crows" (2005), and "A Dance with Dragons" (2011), solidified Martin's reputation as a master storyteller and cemented his status as one of the most influential fantasy authors of his generation[2†][27†]. The success of the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series led to the development of the HBO television adaptation, "Game of Thrones", which premiered in 2011 and ran for eight seasons, becoming one of the most watched and critically acclaimed shows in television history[6†][26†][28†].

Martin's involvement as a producer and occasional writer for the series further expanded his reach and influence, as the show introduced his work to a global audience and earned numerous accolades, including multiple Primetime Emmy Awards[29†][30†][31†]. In addition to his work on the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series and "Game of Thrones", Martin has continued to explore other creative avenues, including the publication of short story collections, such as "Sandkings" (1981) and "Nightflyers" (1985), as well as the development of new projects, such as the prequel series "House of the Dragon", which premiered in 2022[26†][32†][33†].

Throughout his illustrious career, Martin has received numerous awards and honors, including multiple Locus Awards, Nebula Awards, and Hugo Awards, recognizing his exceptional contributions to the science fiction and fantasy genres[34†][35†][36†]. His impact on the literary and television landscape has been profound, and his work continues to captivate and inspire audiences around the world.

First Publication of His Main Works

• Captain Weird: The Sword and the Spider (1970): Early superhero short story, Martin’s first published work.
• A Peripheral Affair (1973): Science fiction short story about an alien encounter.[37†][38†]
• The Computer Cried Charge! (1976): Science fiction short story about military technology.[39†]
• A Song for Lya and Other Stories (1976): Science fiction story collection, includes Hugo-winning "A Song for Lya".[40†][13†]
• Songs of Stars and Shadows (1977): Collection of nine science fiction short stories.[41†][42†][43†]
• Dying of the Light (1977): Science fiction novel about a dying planet’s culture. Nominated for Hugo and British Fantasy Awards.[44†][22†]
• Warship (1979): Science fiction short story co-authored with George Florance-Guthridge.[45†][46†][47†]
• Windhaven (1981, with Lisa Tuttle): Fantasy novel about a flying society, co-authored with Lisa Tuttle.[48†]
• Sandkings (1981): Science fiction story collection, includes Hugo and Nebula-winning "Sandkings".[49†]
• Fevre Dream (1982): Historical horror novel about vampires on a Mississippi steamboat. Bestseller.[50†]
• The Armageddon Rag (1983): Novel blending rock music and supernatural elements. Nominated for Locus Award.[51†]
• Songs the Dead Men Sing (1983): Collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories.[52†]1 1[53†][54†]
• Nightflyers (1985): Science fiction novella about a haunted spaceship, adapted into a TV series.[55†][56†]
• Portraits of His Children (1987): Collection of science fiction and horror short stories.[9†]
• Tuf Voyaging (1986): Science fiction story collection about trader Haviland Tuf. Compiled from earlier short stories.[57†][58†]
• Blood of the Dragon (1996): Novella from "A Game of Thrones", focusing on Daenerys. Won Hugo Award.[59†][60†][61†]
• A Game of Thrones (1996): First novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", introducing Westeros’ political struggles. Bestseller, adapted into HBO’s "Game of Thrones". Won Locus Award.[28†][26†][62†]
• The Hedge Knight (1998): Novella in "Tales of Dunk and Egg", set in Westeros. Published in "Legends" anthology.[63†][64†][65†]
• A Clash of Kings (1999): Second novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", continuing the War of the Five Kings. Bestseller, expanded "Game of Thrones" universe. Won Locus Award.[66†][67†][68†]
• Path of the Dragon (2000): Novella from "A Storm of Swords", centered on Daenerys’ journey.[69†]
• A Storm of Swords (2000): Third novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", focusing on betrayals and battles. Bestseller, won Locus Award, nominated for Hugo.[70†][71†][72†]
• Quartet (2001): Collection of four short stories, spanning science fiction and fantasy.[73†]
• Arms of the Kraken (2002): Novella from "A Feast for Crows", focusing on House Greyjoy.
• The Sworn Sword (2003): Second "Tales of Dunk and Egg" novella, published in "Legends II" anthology.[74†]
• Dreamsongs (2003/2007): Two-volume retrospective of Martin’s short fiction, including award winners.[75†]
• The Toys of Caliban (2005): Script for "The Twilight Zone" episode about a child’s supernatural abilities.[76†]
• A Feast for Crows (2005): Fourth novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", exploring Westeros’ political aftermath. Bestseller, won Locus Award, nominated for Hugo.[77†][78†][79†]
• The Ice Dragon (2006): Children’s fantasy story about a magical dragon.[80†][81†][82†]
• Hunter's Run (2007): Science fiction novel, co-authored with Gardner Dozois and Daniel Abraham.[83†][84†]
• A Night at the Tarn House (2009): Fantasy short story in "Songs of the Dying Earth" anthology.[85†]
• The Mystery Knight (2010): Third "Tales of Dunk and Egg" novella, published in "Warriors" anthology.[86†][87†][88†]
• A Dance with Dragons (2011): Fifth novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", following Daenerys and Jon Snow. Bestseller, nominated for Hugo and Locus Awards.[89†][90†][91†]
• The Lands of Ice and Fire (2012): Collection of detailed maps of Westeros and Essos.
• The Princess and the Queen (2013): Novella on Targaryen civil war, published in "Dangerous Women" anthology.[92†]
• The World of Ice & Fire (2014): Illustrated encyclopedia of Westeros’ history and geography.[93†]
• The Rogue Prince (2014): Novella about Daemon Targaryen, published in "Rogues" anthology.[94†][95†]
• The Sons of the Dragon (2017): Novella on early Targaryen kings, published in "The Book of Swords".[96†][97†][98†]
• Fire & Blood (2018): Fictional history of Targaryen dynasty. Bestseller, basis for "House of the Dragon".[61†][99†][100†]
• The Rise of the Dragon (2022): Illustrated Targaryen history, complementing "Fire & Blood". Bestseller.[101†][102†][103†]
• The Winds of Winter (Forthcoming, no confirmed date): Sixth novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", still in progress. Sample chapters released, no publication date set.[104†][105†][106†]
• A Dream of Spring (Forthcoming, planned after The Winds of Winter): Seventh novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", planned to conclude "A Song of Ice and Fire". No confirmed date.[107†][28†][108†]
• Blood & Fire (Forthcoming, no confirmed date): Second Targaryen history volume, no publication date set.[109†]

Analysis and Evaluation

George R.R. Martin's writing style and influence on the fantasy genre is nothing short of transformative. His epic fantasy series "A Song of Ice and Fire" has captivated readers worldwide, blending complex political intrigue, rich character development, and a gritty, realistic depiction of the human condition within a fantastical setting.

Martin's writing is characterized by a masterful command of language, weaving intricate narratives that seamlessly blend multiple perspectives and storylines. His ability to create fully realized, morally ambiguous characters that defy traditional archetypes has been widely praised, as he challenges readers to empathize with even the most flawed individuals[110†].

The depth and nuance of his worldbuilding, drawing from a vast array of historical and cultural influences, has set a new standard for the fantasy genre, immersing readers in a vividly realized and deeply compelling universe. One of the hallmarks of Martin's writing is his willingness to subvert reader expectations and challenge the conventions of the fantasy genre[111†].

He is not afraid to kill off beloved characters or to explore the darker, more morally ambiguous aspects of human nature, creating a sense of unpredictability and tension that keeps readers on the edge of their seats[112†]. This approach has been both praised and criticized, with some readers appreciating the realism and emotional impact of his storytelling, while others have expressed frustration with the perceived lack of traditional heroic archetypes.

Despite the controversies and debates surrounding his work, there is no denying the profound impact that George R.R. Martin has had on the literary landscape[9†]. His influence can be seen in the proliferation of gritty, character-driven fantasy series that have emerged in the wake of "A Song of Ice and Fire", as well as in the increasing popularity and critical acclaim of the fantasy genre as a whole[113†][114†].

Moreover, the adaptation of "A Song of Ice and Fire" into the hugely successful HBO series "Game of Thrones" has further cemented Martin's legacy, introducing his rich and complex world to a global audience and sparking a renewed interest in the fantasy genre[115†][116†]. The series' ability to captivate viewers and generate widespread cultural discourse is a testament to the enduring power of Martin's storytelling.

As readers eagerly await the long-anticipated conclusion to "A Song of Ice and Fire", George R.R. Martin's place as one of the most influential and important writers of our time is secure[117†]. His ability to craft intricate, morally ambiguous narratives that challenge and engage readers has set a new standard for the fantasy genre, and his impact on literature, television, and popular culture will continue to be felt for generations to come[14†][118†].

Personal Life

George R.R. Martin's personal life has been marked by both joy and sorrow[9†][2†]. He was first married to Gale Burnick in 1975, but the marriage ended in divorce just four years later, in 1979[12†][9†][119†].

In 2011, Martin found lasting happiness when he married Parris McBride, a long-time friend and collaborator[9†][120†][121†]. Despite his immense success as a writer, Martin has faced personal challenges.

In the 1980s, he experienced a period of depression and struggled with writer's block, which he has openly discussed[122†][123†][124†]. However, he has also found solace in his hobbies and interests outside of writing, including attending science fiction and fantasy conventions, collecting medieval artifacts, and maintaining a large collection of classic cars[13†][17†].

Martin's personal philosophy emphasizes the importance of empathy, compassion, and a nuanced understanding of the human condition. He has been known to challenge traditional fantasy tropes, subverting readers' expectations and exploring the moral ambiguity of his characters[14†].

This approach has earned him a devoted following, as well as critical acclaim for his ability to create complex, multifaceted narratives. In addition to his writing, Martin has been actively involved in various charitable and philanthropic endeavors.

He has used his platform to support causes such as literacy, education, and the preservation of wildlife and natural habitats. Martin's commitment to giving back to his community and using his influence for the greater good has further cemented his status as a respected and admired public figure.

Despite the demands of his writing career and the pressures of fame, Martin has maintained a relatively private personal life, preferring to focus on his work and his relationships with close friends and family[9†][2†]. His dedication to his craft and his unwavering commitment to storytelling have made him one of the most influential and celebrated authors of our time[118†].

Conclusion and Legacy

George R.R. Martin's impact on the fantasy genre and popular culture is undeniable[14†]. His epic fantasy series, A Song of Ice and Fire, has captivated readers worldwide and has been adapted into the critically acclaimed HBO television series Game of Thrones, which ran for eight seasons and became one of the most watched and discussed shows in television history[125†].

Martin's unique approach to storytelling, characterized by moral ambiguity, complex characters, and a willingness to subvert traditional fantasy tropes, has been widely praised and has influenced countless other authors and creators in the genre[14†]. His work has been recognized with numerous awards, including multiple Locus Awards, Nebula Awards, and Hugo Awards, cementing his status as one of the most influential and respected fantasy writers of his generation.

Beyond his literary achievements, Martin has also been a tireless advocate for the science fiction and fantasy genres, serving as a mentor to younger writers and using his platform to champion diversity and inclusivity in the field[17†][13†]. He has been a frequent guest at conventions and literary festivals, engaging with fans and sharing his insights on the creative process.

Today, Martin's legacy continues to grow, with the upcoming release of the prequel series House of the Dragon and the ongoing anticipation for the final two books in the A Song of Ice and Fire series, The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring[107†][126†]. His influence can be seen in the countless works of fantasy and science fiction that have been inspired by his unique vision and storytelling approach[13†].

As a writer, Martin has demonstrated an unparalleled ability to craft complex, multi-layered narratives that explore the human condition in all its nuances[127†]. His characters, with their flaws and moral ambiguities, have resonated with readers around the world, and his willingness to subvert expectations and challenge traditional genre conventions has earned him a place among the most innovative and influential authors of his time[14†].

Key Information

• Also Known As: George Raymond Richard Martin, G.R.R.M.
• Born: September 20, 1948 in Bayonne, New Jersey, USA[1†][10†] Died: N/A
• Nationality: American[128†]
• Occupation: Author, television writer, television producer[1†][6†]
• Notable Works: A Game of Thrones (1996), A Clash of Kings (1999), A Storm of Swords (2000), A Feast for Crows (2005), A Dance with Dragons (2011), The Winds of Winter (Forthcoming), A Dream of Spring (Forthcoming), Dying of the Light (1977), Windhaven (1981), Fevre Dream (1982), The Armageddon Rag (1983), Tuf Voyaging (1986), Hunter's Run (2007), The Hedge Knight (1998), The Sworn Sword (2003), The Mystery Knight (2010), The Princess and the Queen (2013), The Rogue Prince (2014), The Sons of the Dragon (2017), Fire & Blood (2018), Blood & Fire (Forthcoming), The Lands of Ice and Fire (2012), The World of Ice & Fire (2014), The Rise of the Dragon (2022), and numerous short stories and collections[129†][27†][130†].
• Notable Achievements: Recipient of multiple Hugo, Locus, and Nebula Awards, known as the "American Tolkien", creator of the highly successful "A Song of Ice and Fire" fantasy series that was adapted into the acclaimed HBO series "Game of Thrones", influential advocate for diverse voices in the genre[131†][26†][132†].

References and Citations:

1. Wikipedia (English) - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
2. World History Edu - George R.R. Martin: Biography & Major Accomplishments [website] - link
3. IMDb - George R.R. Martin - Biography [website] - link
4. Den of Geek - Why House of the Dragon Was George R.R. Martin's First Choice for a Game of Thrones Prequel [website] - link
5. Britannica - George R.R. Martin: American writer [website] - link
6. IMDb - George R.R. Martin [website] - link
7. infinity plus non-fiction - George RR Martin interviewed [website] - link
8. The Famous People - George R. R. Martin Biography [website] - link
9. Biography - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
10. George R.R. Martin - Life and Times [website] - link
11. Geni - George Raymond Richard Martin - Genealogy [website] - link
12. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
13. Wikipedia (English) - A Song for Lya [website] - link
14. New Jersey Independent - George R. R. Martin - Biography, Works, And Legacy Of Games Of Thrones [website] - link
15. Biography Online - George R.R. Martin | Biography and Quotes [website] - link
16. Creative Santa Fe - George R.R. Martin [website] - link
17. Speculative Literature Foundation - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
18. Bookstr (Archive) - George R.R. Martin: A Lifelong Storyteller [website] - link
19. George R.R. Martin - Life & Times of George R.R. Martin [website] - link
20. New Jersey Hall of Fame - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
21. Fantastic Fiction - Dying of the Light by George R R Martin [website] - link
22. Wikipedia (English) - Dying of the Light (Martin novel) [website] - link
23. Encyclopedia Dubuque - MARTIN, George R. R. [website] - link
24. Hollywood Insider - George R. R. Martin: The Journey of the Master Storyteller, Beyond ‘Game of Thrones’ [website] - link
25. UPROXX Studios - How George R.R. Martin Owes His Career To Chess Player Bobby Fischer [website] - link
26. Goodreads - Book : A Song of Ice and Fire by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
27. Random House Publishing Group - Dying of the Light [website] - link
28. Wikipedia (English) - A Song of Ice and Fire [website] - link
29. IMDb - Game of Thrones (TV Series 2011–2019) - Awards [website] - link
30. The Hollywood Reporter - Emmys 2019: 'Game of Thrones' Wins [website] - link
31. People - Emmys 2019: Game of Thrones Wins 12 Awards [website] - link
32. The Ringer - A Brief Timeline of George R.R. Martin’s ‘House of the Dragon’ Discontent [website] - link
33. The Verge - Before Game of Thrones and Nightflyers, George R.R. Martin’s work inspired a great Outer Limits episode [website] - link
34. Softschools.com - George R. R. Martin Facts [website] - link
35. George R.R. Martin - Awards and Honors [website] - link
36. Unknwon error - link
37. The Fattest Leech of Ice and Fire Blog - A Peripheral Affair- Transcribed [website] - link
38. Goodreads - Book : A Peripheral Affair by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
39. The Fattest Leech of Ice and Fire Blog - Remembering Melody: Transcribed and Noted [website] - link
40. Open Library - A song for Lya and other stories by George R. R. Martin [website] - link
41. Fantastic Fiction - Songs of Stars and Shadows by George R R Martin [website] - link
42. The Internet Speculative Fiction Database - Publication: Songs of Stars and Shadows [website] - link
43. Open Library - Songs of Stars and Shadows by George R. R. Martin [website] - link
44. Goodreads - Book : Dying of the Light by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
45. The Internet Speculative Fiction Database - Summary Bibliography: George Guthridge [website] - link
46. Fandom - George R. R. Martin's 'Thousand Worlds' Universe Wiki - Warship [website] - link
47. The Internet Speculative Fiction Database - Title: Warship [website] - link
48. Wikipedia (English) - Windhaven [website] - link
49. Goodreads - Book : Sandkings by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
50. Goodreads - Book : Fevre Dream by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
51. Wikipedia (English) - The Armageddon Rag [website] - link
52. Fantastic Fiction - Songs the Dead Men Sing by George R R Martin [website] - link
53. Open Library - Songs the dead men sing by George R. R. Martin [website] - link
54. Wikiwand - Songs the Dead Men Sing [website] - link
55. Fandom - Nightflyers Wiki - Nightflyers (book) [website] - link
56. Wikipedia (English) - Nightflyers [website] - link
57. Wikipedia (English) - Tuf Voyaging [website] - link
58. Fandom - George R. R. Martin's 'Thousand Worlds' Universe Wiki - Tuf Voyaging [website] - link
59. Fandom - Wiki of Westeros - Fire & Blood [website] - link
60. GradeSaver - Fire and Blood Summary [website] - link
61. Recaptains - What happened in Fire and Blood by George R. R. Martin [website] - link
62. Fantastic Fiction - A Game of Thrones (Song of Ice and Fire, book 1) by George R R Martin [website] - link
63. Bookey - The Hedge Knight Summary PDF [website] - link
64. Wikipedia (English) - Tales of Dunk and Egg [website] - link
65. Goodreads - Book : The Hedge Knight by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
66. Audible Blog - A Clash of Kings by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
67. Wikipedia (English) - A Clash of Kings [website] - link
68. Goodreads - Book : A Clash of Kings (A Song of Ice and Fire, #2) by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
69. Goodreads - Series: The Iron Throne Saga by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
70. Goodreads - Book : A Storm of Swords by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
71. TIME - A Storm of Swords: 100 Best Fantasy Books [website] - link
72. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - A Storm of Swords [website] - link
73. The Internet Speculative Fiction Database - Publication: The Fury [website] - link
74. Goodreads - Book : The Sworn Sword (The Tales of Dunk and Egg, #2) by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
75. Wikipedia (English) - Dreamsongs: A RRetrospective [website] - link
76. Den of Geek - The Twilight Zone: Revisiting George R.R. Martin's Episodes [website] - link
77. SuperSummary - A Feast for Crows Summary and Study Guide [website] - link
78. Wikipedia (English) - A Feast for Crows [website] - link
79. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - A Feast for Crows [website] - link
80. BookBrowse.com - Summary and Reviews of The Ice Dragon by George R R Martin [website] - link
81. Google Books - The Ice Dragon - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
82. Goodreads - Book : The Ice Dragon by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
83. Wikipedia (English) - Hunter's Run [website] - link
84. Goodreads - Book : Hunter's Run by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
85. Goodreads - Book : Clarkesworld Magazine, Issue 85, October 2013 by Neil Clarke [website] - link
86. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - The Mystery Knight [website] - link
87. George R.R. Martin - MYSTERY KNIGHT [website] - link
88. Goodreads - Book : The Mystery Knight by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
89. Goodreads - Book : A Dance with Dragons by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
90. Entertainment Weekly - Review: Why George R.R. Martin's Fire and Blood is glorious [website] - link
91. Audible Blog - A Dance with Dragons by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
92. Wikipedia (English) - The Princess and the Queen [website] - link
93. Wikipedia (English) - The World of Ice & Fire [website] - link
94. Wikipedia (English) - The Rogue Prince [website] - link
95. Goodreads - Book : Rogues by George R.R. Martin [website] - link
96. UPROXX Studios - George R.R. Martin Shares Details On His New 'Game Of Thrones' Story [website] - link
97. Wikipedia (English) - The Sons of the Dragon [website] - link
98. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - The Sons of the Dragon [website] - link
99. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - Fire & Blood [website] - link
100. Town & Country - The Targaryen Family Tree - House of the Dragon Character Guide [website] - link
101. Forbes - ‘The Rise Of The Dragon’ Review: A Beautiful New Book By George R.R. Martin [website] - link
102. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - The Rise of the Dragon [website] - link
103. Google Books - The Rise of the Dragon: An Illustrated History of the Targaryen Dynasty ... - George R. R. Martin, Elio M. García Jr., Linda Antonsson [website] - link
104. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - The Winds of Winter [website] - link
105. Town & Country - "The Winds of Winter' by George R.R. Martin News, Updates, Release Date [website] - link
106. IGN - The Winds of Winter: Everything We Know About the Next Game of Thrones Book [website] - link
107. A Wiki of Ice and Fire - A Dream of Spring [website] - link
108. Libridia - George R. R. Martin: A Dream of Spring [website] - link
109. eNotes - Fire and Blood [website] - link
110. Gilliam Writers Group - The Narrative Power of Well-Crafted Character Flaws [website] - link
111. Writer's Digest - Using Story Tropes to Subvert Reader Expectations - Writer's Digest [website] - link
112. Marie Claire - George R.R. Martin Explains 'Game of Thrones' Deaths - Why So Many Characters Die in 'Game of Thrones' [website] - link
113. The New York Times - George R. R. Martin and the Rise of Fantasy [website] - link
114. Fiveable - George R.R. Martin - (Intro to Creative Writing) - Vocab, Definition, Explanations [website] - link
115. The New York Public Library - WWGRRMR: What Would George R.R. Martin Read? [website] - link
116. Fantasy - BnF - George R.R. Martin: The Dark Side of Fantasy [website] - link
117. Fandom - Wiki of Westeros - A Song of Ice and Fire [website] - link
118. Risingshadow - A Song for Lya and Other Stories by George R. R. Martin [website] - link
119. Unknwon error - link
120. The New Yorker - Just Write It! [website] - link
121. Purewow - Everything to Know About George R.R. Martin's Wife [website] - link
122. HuffPost News - Even George R. R. Martin Gets Writer's Block [website] - link
123. Mental Floss - 7 Book Series the Original Authors Haven't Finished [website] - link
124. Mental Floss - 11 Surprising Facts About George R.R. Martin [website] - link
125. MSN - MSN [website] - link
126. Nerdist - Which GAME OF THRONES Book Is HOUSE OF THE DRAGON Based On? [website] - link
127. Academia - George R.R. Martin [website] - link
128. NNDB - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
129. Google Books - Dying of the Light: A Novel - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
130. Google Books - A Game of Thrones: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book One - George R. R. Martin [website] - link
131. Rambling Spirit - Why George R.R. Martin is not the 'American Tolkien' [website] - link
132. sfadb - George R. R. Martin Awards [website] - link